Trong quá trình đổ bê tông, kiểm tra độ sụt bê tông là công tác kiểm tra để xác định độ cứng, độ đặc chắc chắn của mẫu bê tông trước khi đổ bê tông. Tuy nhiên, không phải ai cũng hiểu độ sụt bê tông là gì? Vậy thì hãy tìm hiểu ngay sau đây nhé.
TÌM HIỂU ĐỘ SỤT BÊ TÔNG LÀ GÌ
Bê tông là một trong những loại vật liệu rất quan trọng được sử dụng rộng rãi trong mọi lĩnh vực xây dựng. Trước khi đổ bê tông để đảm bảo độ chắc chắn của bê tông người ta sẽ tiến hành đo độ sụt của bê tông.
Tìm Hiểu Về Độ Sụt Bê Tông Tươi
1/ KHÁI NIỆM
Độ sụt bê tông được hiểu là việc đo độ cứng hỗn hợp bê tông, tính ẩm ướt, tính lỏng. Hay đo chiều cao của hỗn hợp bê tông sau khi được được đổ trong nón sụt giảm khác nhau với những mẫu khác. Độ sụt được xác định theo TCVN 3105-93 hoặc ASTM C143-90A. Ký hiệu là SN.
Dụng cụ đo là hình nón cụt của Abrams, gọi là côn Abrams. Có kích thước 203x102x305 mm, đáy và miệng hở. Que đầm hình tròn có đường kính bằng 16mm dài 600mm.
Độ sụt bằng 305 trừ đi chiều cao của bê tông tươi. Căn cứ vào độ sụt trên thị trường hiện nay sẽ chia bê tông làm ba loại:
- Loại cứng SN
- Loại dẻo SN < 8
- Siêu dẻo có SN=10–22 cm.
2/ ĐỘ SỤT BÊ TÔNG BAO NHIÊU LÀ HỢP LÝ
Có nhiều độ sụt khác nhau ứng với mỗi hạng mục và cách đổ bê tông (đổ tay, bơm tĩnh hay bơm cần…), vị trí thi công hạng mục, thời tiết… Việc thay đổi độ sụt bê tông này là để đảm bảo có thể triển khai thi công được. Vậy độ sụt của bê tông bao nhiêu là hợp lý?
Độ sụt bê tông bao nhiêu là phù hợp?
- Với nhà dân dụng bạn có thể dụng lựa chọn là độ sụt 10 ± 2 (tối đa là độ sụt bê tông 12 ± 2 khi lên cao) khi dùng bơm để đổ bê tông.
- Với bê tông móng đổ trực tiếp không dùng bơm thì độ sụt nên ít hơn là 6 ±2.
CÁCH KIỂM TRA ĐỘ SỤT BÊ TÔNG
1/ KIỂM TRA ĐỘ SỤT BÊ TÔNG ĐỂ LÀM GÌ
Kiểm tra độ sụt bê tông nhằm mục đích đo sự cân xứng của hỗn hợp bê tông. Mục đích là để kiểm tra xem độ nhuyễn của hỗn hợp bê tông trong giới hạn mà bạn mong muốn hay không. Thông số này thường được các đơn vị cung cấp bê tông ghi rõ trên phiếu bê tông.
Kiểm tra độ sụt bê tông để đo sự cân xứng của hỗn hợp bê tông
Kiểm tra độ sụt bê tông là để đo lường sự đồng nhất của bê tông. Nhiều yếu tố được tính đến khi thỏa mãn các yêu cầu cụ thể của cường độ bê tông, và để đảm bảo rằng một hỗn hợp đồng nhất xi măng đang được sử dụng trong quá trình xây dựng.
Độ sụt bê tông ảnh hưởng tác động trực tiếp đến độ quy trình thi công bơm, đổ bê tông cũng giống như lắp bê tông tại vị trí đổ.
2/ THIẾT BỊ SỬ DỤNG KIỂM TRA
– Bộ côn thử độ sụt bê tông: Côn đo độ sụt bê tông (hình nón cụt): kích thước: chiều cao h = 300 mm, đường kính đáy dưới D=200 mm, đường kính đáy trên d = 100 mm.
– Phễu đo độ sụt bê tông dùng để đổ bê tông vào côn được dễ dàng hơn.
– Đầm sắt – que đầm bằng sắt tròn trơn dài 600 mm, được bo tròn 1 đầu.
– Bay trộn
– Thước đo bằng kim loại độ chính xác 1 mm.
– Bàn côn đo độ sụt bê tông: Bằng thép, phẳng kích thước 400x400mm
Thiết bị rút sụt bê tông tươi.
3/ CÁC BƯỚC KIỂM TRA
Bước 1: Cố định nón sụt
Đầu tiên chúng ta đặt chảo trộn trên sàn nhà và làm ẩm. Giữ vững hình nón sụt giảm tại chỗ bằng cách sử dụng 2 chân giữ. Sau đó chèn hỗn hợp bê tông vào một phần ba hình nón, đầm chặt mỗi lớp 25 lần, đảm bảo không để khuấy.
Dụng cụ kiểm tra độ sụt bê tông
Bước 2: Đổ bê tông vào nón và đầm kỹ
Tiếp tục thêm hỗn hợp để đánh dấu hai phần ba và lặp lại 25 lần nén cho một lần nữa. Đầm chặt vừa vào lớp trước bê tông và chèn hỗn hợp cho đầy nón sụt. Lặp lại quá trình đầm 25 lần
Nếu hỗn hợp bê tông không đủ để đầm nén thì thêm hỗn hợp và tiếp đầm chặt như trước. Sử dụng que đầm thép trong một chuyển động quanh cho đến khi bề mặt phẳng để gạt bỏ hỗn hợp bê tông thừa ở phần trên mở của hình nón sụt.
Sau đó từ từ tháo bỏ nón sụt bằng nâng nó theo chiều dọc trong thời gian (5 giây + / – 2 giây). Khi làm không được để khối bê tông di chuyển.
Các Bước Rút Sụt Bê Tông
Bước 3: Tiến hành đo độ sụt
Chờ hỗn hợp bê tông sụt, tiến hành đo sự sụt giảm theo chiều cao. Chuyển hình nón ngược sụt xuống đặt bên cạnh các mẫu. Sau đó đặt que thép nén trên nón sụt giảm và đo khoảng cách từ thanh đến tâm di dời ban đầu.
Mọi thắc mắc muốn được giải đáp vui lòng liên hệ hotline: 0985 39 8686 để được tư vấn miễn phí.
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