Bê tông kém chất lượng sẽ ảnh hưởng rất lớn đến chất lượng công trình. Nên việc nhận biết được trước sẽ giúp cho nhà thầu và chủ đầu tư có thể an tâm về chất lượng của bê tông mình sử dụng.
Cách nhận biết bê tông kém chất lượng.
Bê tông kém chất lượng
Bê tông sử dụng cát đen.
- Hiện nay nguồn cát vàng đang rất khan hiếm nên để giảm chi phí, một số trạm trộn thường dùng cát đen để thay thế cát vàng. Điều này làm cho chất lượng bê tông giảm đi rất nhiều.
- Một số địa phương vùng ven biển có có hiện tượng dùng cát biển trộn với cát sông để làm bê tông. Với những loại bê tông đó thường sau khi đổ sẽ xuất hiện các vết màu trắng đục nổi lên bề mặt cấu kiện. Với bê tông kém chất lượng này sẽ ảnh hưởng đến công trình về lâu dài. Vì muối trong cát sẽ ăn mòn cốt thép, làm cho cấu kiện bê tông bị phá hủy nhanh chóng.
Cách phân biệt bê tông cát đen và bê tông cát vàng.
- Bê tông cát đen khi nhìn bằng mắt thường sẽ thấy hỗn hợp vữa rất mịn. Nhìn kỹ có thể thấy nước bị tách. Bê tông này sau khi cán mặt xong hay xuất hiện một lớp nước nổi trên bề mặt bê tông. Do lượng nước cần thiết cho vào hỗn hợp bê tông lớn nên dễ gây ra hiện tượng tách nước. Với vật liệu này thường rất khó đạt được mác cao.
- Bê tông cát vàng khi nhìn hỗn hợp vữa cảm thấy rất thô. Nhìn tổng thể bê tông đều không bị tách nước hay tách vữa.
- Để phân biệt rõ nhất hai loại bê tông này thì có thể dùng phương pháp rửa. Như vậy sẽ nhìn rõ được cát sử dụng là cát gì.
Bê tông quá thời gian, Bê tông bị tách nước.
- Là loại bê tông từ công trường khác mang về hoặc trong khi đổ có sự cố gì dẫn đến chậm. không đổ được. Thường bê tông sau khi trộn quá 3 tiếng thì nên bỏ đi. Đối với một số loại có phụ gia kéo dài thời gian ninh kết thì có thể hơn.
- Để nhận biết bê tông này rất khó. Nhưng thông thường với những xe này thì khi chạm bề mặt xe bom thấy ấm hơn bình thường. Nếu dùng nhiệt kế đo thì hỗn hợp bê tông có thể cao hơn nhiệt độ môi trường khoảng 10 độ C.
- Nhìn bằng mắt thường thì có thể thấy loại vật liệu này trông rất sượng, cảm giác nó không được dẻo như lúc mới.
- Với loại bê tông kém chất lượng này có thể nhìn thấy rất rõ. Với loại này khi đổ ra thì có thể thấy đá và hỗn hợp vữa vị tách ra. Sau khi đổ xong thì có thể thấy nước nổi lên bề mặt.
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