Chủ đầu tư thường không phải là người đưa ra quyết định dùng mac bê tông nào cho các hạng mục như móng, sàn… của công trình, việc lựa chọn mác bê tông do đơn vị tư vấn thiết kế đưa ra, là kỹ sư thiết kế kết cấu chứ không phải kiến trúc sư.
Đổ sàn thì dùng bê tông mác nào và độ sụt bao nhiêu?
Khi tính toán kết cấu, kỹ sư phải lựa chọn Mac bê tông và lấy các giá trị chịu tải của Mac đó đưa vào tính toán để đưa ra kích thước của các cấu kiện (bề rộng của dầm, chiều dày sàn…), số lượng thép và cách bố trí trong mỗi cấu kiện.
Mac Bê Tông Đổ Sàn
Mac bê tông nào để đổ sàn
Bình thường với công trình dân dụng nhỏ, một công trình chỉ nên sử dụng một loại mác bê tông. Nếu như dùng nhiều mác bê tông khác nhau cho các cấu kiện khác nhau, sự làm việc của kết cấu giữa các điểm giao nhau của các loại bê tông sẽ không đúng với tính toán và dễ xảy ra các vấn đề cục bộ tại vị trí đó.
Bê tông thương phẩm có thể sản xuất tới các mác #200, #250, #300, #350, #400, #600, #800…
Với công trình dân dụng nhỏ, mác bê tông sử dụng phổ biến là Mac 250 hoặc Mac 300.
Tùy thuộc vào công trình bạn có thể lựa chọn mác bê tông theo hướng dẫn sau để mang lại hiệu quả về mặt kinh tế khi xây dựng:
- Với nhà < =3 tầng: Sử dụng mác bê tông #200, với nhịp giữa các dầm lớn thì dùng mác 250.
- Với nhà 4<= số tầng <= 6 tầng: Sử dụng mác 250, với nhịp giữa các dầm lớn thì dùng mác 300.
- Với nhà 6<= số tầng <=10: Sử dụng mác 300, với các cấu kiện vượt nhịp lớn nên trao đổi với kỹ sư kết cấu để đưa ra phương án thiết kế hợp lý.
Độ sụt bê tông phù hợp để đổ sàn
Độ sụt bê tông nào phù hợp với đổ sàn
Ứng với mỗi hạng mục và cách đổ bê tông (đổ tay, bơm tĩnh hay bơm cần), vị trí thi công hạng mục, thời tiết… thì độ sụt khác nhau. Việc thay đổi độ sụt này là để đảm bảo có thể triển khai thi công được.
- Với nhà dân dụng bạn có thể dụng lựa chọn độ sụt là 10 ± 2 (tối đa là 12±2 khi lên cao) khi dùng bơm để đổ bê tông.
- Với bê tông móng đổ trực tiếp không dùng bơm thì độ sụt nên ít hơn: nên là 6 ±2.
Với các công trình khác tham khảo cách sử dụng mác bê tông khi thiết kế như sau:
- Móng nhà cao tầng, nhà kho, nhà xưởng: 300 – 400;
- Nhà công nghiệp nhịp lớn, silô, bể chứa: 300 – 400;
- Cọc bê tông đúc sẵn, cọc nhồi: 300 trở lên;
- Mố, trụ cầu, dầm cầu, dầm dự ứng lực: 350 trở lên.
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